Льготный консультант. Ветераны. Пенсионеры. Инвалиды. Дети. Семья. Новости

Passive voice perfect tense упражнения. Future Perfect - Страдательный Залог. "Агент действия" и перевод из активного залога в пассивный

ГБОУ СОШ 1011

Разработка тренировочных упражнений с ответами по грамматике английского языка к теме «Пассивный Залог (Passive Voice )»

для уч ащихся 9-х классов общеобразовательных школ

Подготовила

учитель английского языка:

Коренева Юлия Михайловна

г. Москва

2014

    Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Simple Passive, Past Simple Passive, Future Simple Passive.

    This book was sold

    They will be met by their uncle and aunt at the airport.

    London is visited by thousands of tourists every year, isn’t it?

    Why is this documentary talked about so much?

    American president Abraham Lincoln was killed at the theatre.

    Current news is shown on television every evening.

    Famous people are often spied by paparazzi.

    Why is he being laughed at?

    When we arrived they were being asked about their trip to England.

    Which document was being typed when you came in?

    Look! The contract is being printed.

    His offer was being discussed when he called.

    What tune is being played? I can’t recognize it.

    We didn’t know that the new program had already been broadcast.

    After the speaker had been interrupted he stopped to collect his thoughts.

    This serial has been talked about a lot lately.

    Maria is happy. She has been accepted by an English University.

    May I invite you to the banquet room where some food and refreshments have been served?

    I actually felt quite depressed after the threatening news has been announced.

    The teacher … asked a question at the moment.

    He … paid a lot of money as soon as he does the job.

    He said Peter … invited to the party.

    Look! A Christmas tree … decorated.

    I hope our misunderstanding … … forgotten very quickly.

    I’m so angry because my party … spoiled by Max’s rudeness.

    The six ravens … kept in the Tower of London now for centuries.

    She had read all the books which … translated into English.

    Mike showed the letter to his mother.

    May I help you, sir? – No, thank you. They are already serving me.

    They were broadcasting a new documentary at 5 p.m. yesterday.

    They offered tourists a free sightseeing trip.

    They will hold interviews in September.

    By 2014 this author had written two major novels.

    The Smiths have sold their cottage this month.

    I hear that they are making a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails.

    ЕГЭ .

The Loch Ness Monster.

1. The story of the Loch Ness monster began in 1933 when it __________ for the first time.

2. Since then it _________ at least once every year

3. and __________ many times.

PHOTOGRAPH

4. The first photo ______ by a local man in November, 1933.

TAKE

5. On the occasion, large brown eyes _____

6. and horns _______several times..

REPORT

7 . Ears ____________ yet.

MENTION

8. The monster, however, ___________

NOT FORGET

9. and probably never____________

FORGET

10. It ______ that it sometimes leaves the Loch

KNOW

11. and a few days ago it ______ running along the main road not far from a café.

12. Occasionally two monsters _________ at the same time.

NOTICE

13. It _____ whether they are father and son, husband and wife, or perhaps monster and girl-friend.

NOT KNOW

14. But the monster and its activities ____still a mystery.

CONSIDER

CHECK YOURSELF

    Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Simple Passive, Past Simple Passive, Future Simple Passive .

    This book was sold two month ago. — Past Simple Passive

    They will be met by their uncle and aunt at the airport.-FS

    London is visited by thousands of tourists every year, isn’t it?- PrS

    Why is this documentary talked about so much?- PrS

    American president Abraham Lincoln was killed at the theatre.- PS

    Current news is shown on television every evening.- PrS

    Famous people are often spied by paparazzi.- PrS

    Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Progressive Passive, Past Progressive Passive.

    Why is he being laughed at ?- Present Progressive Passive

    When we arrived they were being asked about their trip to England. — PPrP

    Which document was being typed when you came in?- PPrP

    Look! The contract is being printed .- PrPrP

    His offer was being discussed when he called.- PPrP

    What tune is being played ? I can’t recognize it.- PrPrP

    Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Perfect Passive, Past Perfect Passive.

    We didn’t know that the new program had already been broadcast . — PPerfP

    After the speaker had been interrupted he stopped to collect his thoughts. PPerfP

    This serial has been talked about a lot lately. — PrPerfP

    Maria is happy. She has been accepted by an English University.- PrPerfP

    May I invite you to the banquet room where some food and refreshments have been served ? — PrPerfP

    I actually felt quite depressed after the threatening news has been announced . — PrPerfP

    Put the verb to be in the correct form in Passive Voice.

    The teacher is being asked a question at the moment.

    He will be paid a lot of money as soon as he does the job.

    He said Peter had been invited to the party.

    Look! A Christmas tree is being decorated.

    I hope our misunderstanding will be forgotten very quickly.

    I’m so angry because my party has been spoiled by Max’s rudeness.

    The six ravens have been kept in the Tower of London now for centuries.

    She had read all the books which were translated into English.

    Make the sentences in Passive Voice.

    Mike showed the letter to his mother. – The letter was shown to mother by Mike.

    May I help you, sir? – No, thank you. They are already serving me. – I’m already being served.

    They were broadcasting a new documentary at 5 p.m. yesterday. – A new documentary was being broadcast at 5 p.m. yesterday.

    They offered tourists a free sightseeing trip. –A free sightseeing trip was offered to tourists. / Tourists were offered a free sightseeing trip.

    They will hold interviews in September. — Interviews will be hold by them in September.

    By 2014 this author had written two major novels. – Two major novels had been written by this author by 2014.

    The Smiths have sold their cottage this month. – The cottage has been sold by the Smiths this month.

    I hear that they are making a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails. — I hear that a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails is being made.

    ЕГЭ . Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in capital letters.

The Loch Ness Monster.

1. The story of the Loch Ness monster began in 1933 when it WAS SEEN for the first time.

2. Since then it HAS BEEN SEEN at least once every year

3. and HAS BEEN PHOTOGRAPHED many times.

PHOTOGRAPH

4. The first photo WAS TAKEN by a local man in November, 1933.

TAKE

5. On the occasion, large brown eyes WERE SEEN

6. and horns WERE REPORTED several times..

REPORT

7 . Ears HAVE NOT BEN MENTIONED yet.

MENTION

8. The monster, however, IS NOT FORGOTTEN

NOT FORGET

9. and probably never WILL NEVER BE FORGOTTEN

FORGET

10. It IS KNOWN that it sometimes leaves the Loch

KNOW

11. and a few days ago it WAS SEEN running along the main road not far from a café.

12. Occasionally two monsters ARE NOTICED at the same time.

NOTICE

13. It IS NOT KNOWN whether they are father and son, husband and wife, or perhaps monster and girl-friend.

NOT KNOW

14. But the monster and its activities ARE still CONSIDERED a mystery.

CONSIDER


Использованныематериалы

    Афанасьева О.В., Михеева И.В., Баранова К.М. Английский язык-5й год обучения. Рабочая тетрадь. Москва: Дрофа, 2011.

    Фурсенко С.В. Английский язык. Тесты. 9 класс. Москва: Дрофа, 2002.

    Бондарева В.В. Английская грамматика в забавных рассказах. Спб: Каро, 2006

    Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Совершенствуй свой английский. Москва: Титул, 1999.

Для начинающих предлагаю закрепить тему Passive Voice (в простых временах) и выполнить 10 упражнений для начинающих . Изучить тему

Для начала проверьте себя и переведите на английский язык предложение.

Passive Voice. Упражнения для начинающих

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык.

  1. Breakfast was cooked by our mother.
  2. The new rule was explained to us at the English lesson.
  3. The story was written by Chekhov.
  4. This sports centre was visited by lots of people.
  5. This sports game is often played at P.E. lessons.
  6. The ball was thrown over the fence.
  7. The boxer was knocked down.
  8. I was born in Moscow.
  9. They will be trained by a famous coach.
  10. I will be sent to the competition.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный вариант и переведите на русский язык.

  1. The news programme ( is watched / watched ) by millions of people every day.
  2. The Mona Liza (painted / was painted) by Leonardo da Vinchi.
  3. The new cinema (be built / will be built ) next year.
  4. New pop groups ( are much spoken / is much spoken ) about among teenagers.
  5. Alexander Pushkin’s first poem ( was written / written) when he was fourteen.
  6. The letters (be sent / will be sent ) by post tomorrow.
  7. The translation (was finished / were finished ) two hours ago.
  8. London (visited / is visited) by hundreds of tourists every year.
  9. The dinner (be / will be) ready in an hour (через час).
  10. The dogs (were taken out/ was taken out) three times yesterday.

Упражнение 3.

  1. Tom always (to ask) at the lessons.
  2. I (to ask) at the last lesson.
  3. Our country house (to finish) next year.
  4. The dog (to find) by my sister yesterday.
  5. This work (to do) tomorrow.
  6. This text (to translate) at the last lesson.
  7. These trees (to plant) every autumn.
  8. Many interesting games always (to play) at our P.E. lessons.
  9. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow.
  10. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday.

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

1. My question (to answer) yesterday. 2. Hockey (to play) in winter. 3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 4. Many houses (to burn) during the war. 5. His new book (to finish) next year. 6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.8. Bread (to eat) every day. 9. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 11. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 12. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующуюся форму глагола.

1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel agency. 2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs. 3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room. 4. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift. 5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloakroom downstairs. 6. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs. 7. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel. 8. Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Museum.

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Perfect, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Future Simple. Используйте Активный и Пассивный залог.

  1. The house ____________(to build) in 2020.
  2. The boy _________ (not to hear) the news yet.
  3. The Brooks ___________(to become) famous last year.
  4. Money _____________(to keep) in the bank.
  5. The parcel __________(to send) yesterday.
  6. I would like ________________(to know) English very well.
  7. Where _________the road _______(to lead) to?
  8. Look! The leaves _______________(to fall).
  9. All the money ___________(to spend) on clothes last week.
  10. The pie has gone! Who _________(to eat) it?

Упражнение 7. Переведите на английский язык

  1. Детей наказывают…. — Детей наказали… — Детей накажут…. (punish)
  2. Хлеб едят… — Хлеб съели… — Хлеб съедят…
  3. Розы выращивают… — Розы вырастили… — Розы вырастят… (grow)
  4. Картину рисуют… — Картину нарисовали… — Картину нарисуют… (paint)
  5. Обо мне говорят. — Обо мне говорили. — Обо мне будут говорить. (talk about)
  6. О нас забывают — О нас забыли…. — О нас забудут… (forget)

В пассивном залоге в английском предложении предлог ставится в конец.

ПРИМЕР. За доктором послали. — The doctor was sent for.

Упражнение 8. Переделайте предложения из активного залога в пассивный.

  1. We learn English. —
  2. The teacher asked the students a question. —
  3. They told me about the accident. —
  4. We will find our pets. —
  5. Next year we will learn French. —
  6. The teacher asked her a question. —
  7. I take my dog out every day. —

Упражнение 9.

  • хвалить — praise
  • рассказывать — tell

1. Я всегда хвалю моих друзей. 2. Меня всегда хвалят дома. 3. Каждую субботу папа показывает дедушке мои оценки. 4. Каждую субботу папе показывают мои оценки. 5. Мы часто вспоминаем вас. 6. Нас часто вспоминают в деревне. 7. Мне дают сок каждое утро. 8. Каждое утро я даю кошке молоко. 9. Он каждый день рассказывает нам что-нибудь интересное. 10. Ему каждый день рассказывают что-нибудь интересное.

Упражнение 10. (из пособия «Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. Ю. Голицынский)
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple Active или Present Simple Passive.

1. Я часто посылаю письма друзьям. 2. Меня часто приглашают в кино. 3. Моей сестре часто помогают в школе. 4. Я иногда забываю взять проездную карточку. 5. Он пишет много писем. 6. Собаки любят кости. 7. Собак любят во многих семьях. 8. Когда в вашей семье пьют чай? 9. Почему эти правила всегда забывают? 10. Почему вы всегда забываете эти правила? 12. Где живут ваши друзья? 13. Где покупают хлеб? 14. Когда задают вопросы?

Упражнение 11. (из пособия «Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. Ю. Голицынский)
Переделайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice. Начните с выделенного слова.

ОБРАЗЕЦ. Mother waters the flowers in the evening. - The flowers are watered in the evening (by Mother).

1. Irene’s husband brought her some beautiful shells from the south. 2. The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview. 3. Mr. Wilson will teach you English. 4. Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday. 5. Our mother tells us stories every evening. 6. Lydia will show you a new book of pictures. 7. A boy showed her the way. 8. They will send us a box of fruit. 9. Five or six small children followed them . 10. We will do the translation in the evening.

  1. The postbox (to empty) every day.
  2. The letters (to deliver).

Answers: 1. is emptied 2. are postmarked. 3. are sorted. 4. is loaded. 5. are unloaded. 6. are taken. 7. are sorted. 8. are delivered.

Exercise 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple Passive. (YESTERDAY)

  1. The postbox (to empty) yesterday.
  2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.
  3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.
  4. The mail (to load) into the train.
  5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey.
  6. The bags (to take) to the post office.
  7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets.
  8. The letters (to deliver).

Answers: 1. was emptied. 2. were postmarked. 3. were sorted. 4. was loaded. 5. were unloaded. 6. were taken. 7. were sorted. 8. were delivered.

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple Passive. (TOMORROW)

  1. The postbox (to empty) tomorrow.
  2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.
  3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.
  4. The mail (to load) into the train.
  5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey.
  6. The bags (to take) to the postoffice.
  7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets.
  8. The letters (to deliever).

Answers: 1. will be emptied. 2. will be postmarked. 3. will be sorted. 4. will be loaded. 5. will be unloaded. 6. will be taken. 7. will be sorted. 8. will be delivered.

Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

  1. My question (to answer) yesterday.
  2. Hockey (to play) in winter.
  3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.
  4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London.
  5. His new book (to finish) next year.
  6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.
  7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.
  8. Bread (to eat) every day.
  9. The letter (to receive) yesterday.
  10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week.
  11. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday.
  12. I (to give) a very interest ing book at the library last Friday.
  13. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.
  14. This work (to do) tomorrow.
  15. This text (to translate) at the last lesson.
  16. These trees (to plant) last autumn.
  17. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons.
  18. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow.
  19. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday.
  20. Lost time never (to find) again.
  21. Rome (not to build) in a day.

Answers: 1. was answered. 2. is played. 3. are gathered. 4. were burnt. 5. will be finished. 6. are sold. 7. was founded. 8. is eaten. 9. was received. 10. will be sent. 11. was asked. 12. was given. 13. are built. 14. will be done. 15. was translated. 16. were planted. 17. are always played. 18. will be given. 19. were invited. 20. is never found. 21. was not built.

Exercise 5. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующуюся форму глагола.

  1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau.
  2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs.
  3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room.
  4. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift.
  5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloakroom downstairs.
  6. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs.
  7. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel.
  8. Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Museum.

Answers: 1. will be met. 2. will meet. 3. will bring. 4. will be brought. 5. may leave. 6. can leave. 7. will be taken. 8. will take.

Exercise 6. Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice, обращая внимание на место предлога.

E.g. We often speak of her. - She is often spoken of.

  1. The senior students laughed at the freshman.
  2. The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday.
  3. Young mothers looked after their babies with great care.
  4. Nobody lived in that old house.
  5. They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject.
  6. We thought about our friend all the time.
  7. The doctor will operate on him in a week.
  8. The teacher sent for the pupil’s parents.
  9. They looked for the newspaper everywhere.
  10. Nobody slept in the bed.
  11. The neighbour asked for the telegram.
  12. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention.

Answers: 1. The freshman was laughed at. 2. The headmistress was spoken to yesterday. 3. The babies were looked after with great care. 4. That old house was not lived in. 5. Jim was sent for and told to prepare a report on that subject. 6. Our friend was thought about all the time. 7. He will be operated on in a week. 8. The pupil’s parents were sent for. 9. The newspaper was looked for everywhere. 10. The bed was not slept in. 11. The telegram was asked for. 12. The lecturer was listened to with great attention.

Exercise 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active Voice или Passive Voice.

  1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday.
  2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.
  3. He (to give) me this book next week.
  4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.
  5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation tomorrow.
  6. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book.
  7. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest.
  8. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147.
  9. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.
  10. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.

Answers: 1. saw. 2. will be received. 3. will give. 4. be found. 5. shall show. 6. find. 7. is divided. 8. founded. 9. was founded. 10. call.

Exercise 8. Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

  1. Не stole a lot of money from the shop.
  2. By six o’clock they had finished the work.
  3. At twelve o’clock the workers were loading the trucks.
  4. By three o’clock the workers had loaded the trucks.
  5. We send our daughter to rest in the south every year.
  6. They will show this film on TV.
  7. They are building a new concert hall in our street.
  8. I bought potatoes yesterday.
  9. We shall bring the books tomorrow.
  10. They are repairing the clock now.
  11. They sell milk in this shop.
  12. I have translated the whole text.
  13. They broke the window last week.
  14. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets.
  15. We shall do the work in the evening.
  16. He wrote this book in the 19th century.
  17. They were playing tennis from four till five.
  18. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory.
  19. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century.
  20. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees.
  21. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season.
  22. They have forgotten the story.
  23. Has anybody explained the rules of the game to you?
  24. They haven’t brought back my skates.

Answers: 1. A lot of money was stolen from the shop. 2. By six o’clock the work had been finished. 3. At twelve o’clock the trucks were being loaded. 4. By three o’clock the trucks had been loaded. 5. Our daughter is sent to rest in the south every year. 6. This film will be shown on TV. 7. A new concert hall is being built in our street. 8. Potatoes were bought yesterday. 9. The books will be brought tomorrow. 10. The clock is being repaired now. 11. Milk is sold in this shop. 12. The whole text has been translated.. 13. The window was broken last week. 14. When I came home, the sweets had been eaten. 15. The work will be done in the evening. 16. This book was written in the 19th century. 17. Tennis was being played.from four till five. 18. The number of important experiments K-we been made in this laboratory. 19. Central Africa was explored by Livingstone in the 19th century. 20. By the middle of autumn all the trees had been planted. 21. This play will be staged at the beginning of next season. 22. The story has been forgotten. 23. Have the rules of the game been explained to you? 24. My skates haven’t been brought back.

Exercise 9. Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice. Введите любые подходящие подлежащие.

  1. The room was cleaned and aired.
  2. Have all these books been read?
  3. Whom were these letters written by?
  4. The letter has just been typed.
  5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband.
  6. I shall not be allowed to go there.
  7. He has been told everything, so he knows what to do now.
  8. All the questions must be answered.
  9. The door has been left open.
  10. Betty was met atthe station.
  11. The girl was not allowed to go to the concert.
  12. She said that the new timetable had not yet been hung up on the notice board.
  13. The roast chicken was eaten with appetite.
  14. It was so dark, that the houses could not be seen.
  15. The light has not yet been turned off.
  16. The boy was punished for misbehaving.
  17. By three o’clock everything had been prepared.
  18. The dictation was written without mistakes.
  19. Whom was the poem written by?
  20. Her dress was washed and ironed.
  21. I was not blamed for the mistakes.
  22. The papers had been looked through and corrected by the next lesson.
  23. This house was built last year.
  24. The letter has just been sent.
  25. This article will be translated at the lesson on Tuesday.
  26. When will this book be returned to the library?

Answers: I. She cleaned and aired the room. 2. Have you read all these books? 3. Who wrote these letters? 4.The secretary has just typed the letter. 5. She showed me the picture which her husband had painted. 6. My parents will not allow me to go there. 7. We have told him everything so he knows what to do. 8. You must answer all the questions. 9. They have left the door open. 10. We met Betty at the station.
II. The girl’s mother did not allow her to go to the concert. 12. She said that they had not yet hung up the new timetable on the notice board. 13. We ate the chicken with appetite. 14. It was so dark that we could not see the houses. 15. They have not yet turned off the light. 16. She punished the boy for misbehaving. 17. By three o’clock we had prepared everything. 18. We wrote the dictation without mistakes. 19. Who wrote the poem? 20. She washed and ironed her dress. 21. They did not blame me for the mistakes. 22. The teacher had looked through and corrected the papers by the next lesson. 23.They built this house last year. 24. We have just sent the letter. 25. We shall translate this article at the lesson on Tuesday. 26. When will you return this book to the library?

Exercise 10. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

  1. Нам показали очень странную картину.
  2. Тебя ищут. Иди домой.
  3. Вас всех пригласят в зал и расскажут обо всех изменениях в школьной программе.
  4. Почему над ним всегда смеются?
  5. Нам всем дали билеты на выставку.
  6. Лекции этого знаменитого профессора всегда слушают с большим вниманием.
  7. Меня ждут?
  8. Им задали три трудных вопроса.
  9. За директором уже послали. Подождите немного.
  10. Всех пригласили в большой зал.
  11. Эти письма просмотрены. Их можно отправлять.
  12. На станции их встретил гид и отвез в гостиницу.
  13. Эти журналы должны быть возвращены в библиотеку на следующей неделе.
  14. На наших занятиях много внимания уделяется произношению.
  15. Иванову велели объяснить, почему он пропускает занятия.
  16. Меня пригласят на ваш вечер?
  17. Детей оставили дома одних.

Answers: 1. We were shown a very strange picture. 2. You are being looked for. Go home. 3. All of you will be gathered in the hall and told about all the changes in the school curriculum. 4. Why is he always laughed at? 5. All of us were given tickets to the exhibition. 6. The lectures of this famous professor are always listened to with great attention. 7. Am I being waited for? 8. They were asked three difficult questions. 9. The headmaster has already been sent for. Please wait a little. 10. Everybody was invited to a big hall. 11. These letters have been looked through. They can be sent. 12. At the station they were met by the guide and taken to the hotel. 13. These magazines must be returned to the library next week. 14. At our lessons much attention is paid to pronunciation. 15. Ivanov was told to explain why he missed classes. 16. Shall I be invited to your party? 17. The children were left alone at home.

WELL DONE!

Литература:

  1. Павличенко О.М. Английский язык. Грамматический практикум. II уровень. - 2-е изд., испр. и доп. - X.: Ранок, 2012. - 304 с.
  2. Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. - 5-е изд., - СПб: КАРО, 2005. - 544 с. - (Английский язык для школьников).

Как вы уже могли заметить, в английском языке времен гораздо больше, чем в русском, и на первый взгляд они сложнее, чем в нашем родном языке. Но не переживайте, так кажется только поначалу. Общим в языках является наличие залогов: действительного и страдательного. В действительном залоге подлежащее (предмет, действующее лицо) само совершает действие. В страдательном же залоге действие направлено на предмет.

Рассмотрим на примере русских предложений:

Я читаю книгу «Война и мир» - Это действительный залог.

Книга «Война и мир» читается моим братом - Это страдательный залог. На подлежащее (книгу) оказывается действие третьим лицом (братом), который ее читает.

Переведем эти предложения на английский.

I read the book called “War and Peace”.
The book called “War and Peace” is read by my brother.

В последнем предложении используется время Present Simple Passive Voice, то есть простое настоящее время в пассивном залоге, о котором можно прочитать .

В этой статье же мы разберем Present Perfect Passive (презент перфект пассив), то есть настоящее завершенное время в страдательном залоге. Мы расскажем правила и приведем примеры Present Perfect Passive, объясним, чем эта временная форма отличается от других. Ее полное название - Present Perfect Simple Passive.

Употребление

Как и вся группа Perfect, Present Perfect Passive Voice употребляется для выражения действий, которые уже завершились к моменту речи, но их результат имеет отношение к настоящему времени. В данном случае речь идет о действиях в страдательном залоге, то есть подлежащее не осуществляет действие, а действие направлено на подлежащее (кем-то).

Образование Present Perfect Passive Voice, примеры

Present Perfect Passive образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола have в настоящем времени, глагола to be в третье форме (been) и сказуемого в третьей форме.

Схема предложения Present Perfect в пассивном залоге выглядит следующим образом:

Подлежащее + have/has + been + сказуемое в третьей форме + второстепенные члены предложения.

Форма вспомогательного глагола have (have или has) зависит от подлежащего: Have употребляется с первым лицом и остальными лицами во множественным числом. Has – с местоимениями he, she, it и существительными 3-го лица единственного числа.

Третья форма сказуемого образуется при помощи добавления –ed к правильным глаголам. Если глагол неправильный, то используется третья форма из таблицы неправильных глаголов.

Примеры предложений в Present Perfect Passive

The book has already been discussed by the students - Книга уже обсуждалась студентами.
Форма глагола have - has, так как подлежащее - книга. Discuss – правильный глагол, 3 форма – discussed.

These documents have been brought by your secretary – Эти документы принес твой секретарь.
Форма глагола have - have, так как подлежащее (документы) - во множественном числе. Bring - неправильный глагол, его третья форма - brought.

Проанализируйте следующие примеры употребления Present Perfect Passive:

My sister has been given many sweets, she is happy - Моей сестре дали много конфет, она счастлива.
The flowers have already been watered - Цветы уже полили.
His letter has been sent to the wrong address - Его письмо отправили по неверному адресу.
The homework has just been finished - Домашняя работа только что закончена.

Вопросы и отрицания Present Perfect в пассивном залоге

Вопросительные предложения в английском начинаются с вспомогательного глагола, в данном случае с соответствующей формы глагола have. Далее идет подлежащее, затем been, потом 3-я форма глагола и второстепенные члены предложения. Например:
Have the flowers been watered? - Цветы полили?
Has the letter been sent to me? - Мне отправили письмо?
Has the book been discussed in class? - В классе обсудили книгу?
Has the homework been finished? - Домашняя работа закончена?

В отрицательных предложениях частица not ставится между глаголом have в соответствующей форме и глаголом been.

Образуем отрицания из приведенных выше вопросов.
The flowers have not been watered yet - Цветы еще не политы.
The letter has not been sent to me - Мне не отправили письмо.
The book has not been discussed in class yet - Книгу в классе еще не обсудили.
The homework has not been finished - Домашняя работа не закончена.

Не забывайте, что в отрицательных предложениях можно использовать сокращения:
have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t

Обратите внимание, что наречие yet (еще) ставится в конце предложения, а наречия just (только что) и already (уже) – после вспомогательного глагола have.

Также при переводе старайтесь избегать слов «был», «были» и т.д. Например: This bench has just been painted - Скамейку только что покрасили (а не «была покрашена»).

Если в предложении не указано, кем совершено действие, то переводится оно должно как неопределенно-личное.

Present Perfect Active and Passive - отличия

Когда мы хотим подчеркнуть, кто совершал действие, мы использует действительный залог. Если хотим подчеркнуть само действие, и на что оно было направлено – страдательный залог.

Чтобы лучше закрепить тему Present Perfect Passive, советуем сделать несколько упражнений. Изучайте, повторяйте, закрепляйте. Удачи в изучении английского языка!

В английском, как и в русском языке, существует активный залог (Active Voice) и страдательный (или пассивный ) залог (Passive Voice) .

Употребление пассивного залога.

1. Когда само по себе действие важнее, чем его исполнитель , и говорящий хочет указать именно на действие. Например:

A courier delivers mail every day. - Курьер доставляет почту каждый день. (Active Voice)
The mail is delivered every day. - Почту доставляют каждый день. (Passive Voice)

В первом предложении мы указываем исполнителя действия , а во втором используем пассивный залог , так как хотим подчеркнуть само действие, факт доставки, а не его исполнителя.

2. Пассивный залог используют, если исполнитель действия неизвестен, неважен или понятен из контекста :

These clothes are made in Italy. - Эта одежда изготавливается в Италии.
The new laws will be discussed tomorrow. - Новые законы будут обсуждаться завтра.

Поэтому в газетных заголовках и статьях , в объявлениях, инструкциях, рекламных текстах пассивный залог используется чаще чем активный:

The valuable painting was stolen from the museum last night. - Ценная картина была украдена из музея прошлой ночью.
The company was sold. - Компания была продана.
Our vegetables are not sprayed with pesticides. - Наши овощи не обрызгиваются пестицидами.

3. Пассивный залог используют, когда говорят о неприятных ситуациях и не хотят никого обвинять , а также чтобы придать высказыванию более вежливый характер :

The party was spoilt. - Вечеринка была испорчена.

The order wasn’t dispatched yesterday but it will be done tomorrow. - Заказ не был отправлен вчера, но это сделают завтра.

Временные формы.

Все временные формы пассивного залога состоят из двух частей: глагол to be в определенной временной форме и третья форма глагола (причастие прошедшего времени или Past Participle). Как и в активном залоге, в пассивном существуют различные времена, формы, которые мы с вами рассмотрим.

Важно помнить, что третья форма глагола всегда присутствует и остается неизменной во всех временных формах пассивного залога . Собственно время высказывания мы определяем по форме глагола to be . Сравним формы активного и пассивного залога:

Active Voice

Passive Voice

Present Continuous

am/is/are writing

is/are being written

have/has written

have/has been written

was/were written

was/were writing

was/were being written

had been written

will have written

will have been written

can/ should write

can/ should be written


Во временах группы Perfect Continuous (Present, Past и Future) и Future Continuous пассивный залог не используется. Если возникает необходимость употребить одно из этих времен, то они заменяются активным залогом или другим временем.

Чтобы запомнить все формы пассивного залога и особенности их употребления, обратимся к примерам и пояснениям. Мы рассмотрим наиболее часто используемые формы пассивного залога.


Если письма пишут прямо сейчас, в момент речи, то мы используем Present Continuous Passive :

Present Continuous (действие происходит в момент речи)

Они пишут письмо сейчас. -
They are writing a letter now.

Письмо пишут прямо сейчас.
The letter is being written now.


Очень распространенная ошибка - использование Present Simple Passive вместо Present Continuous Passive . Не забывайте, что во всех временах группы Continuous должен присутствовать глагол с окончанием -ing , даже в пассивном залоге. Слово being указывает на процессуальность действия. Если вы забываете про вспомогательный глагол being , ваше высказывание меняет смысл и превращается в Present Simple . Сравните:

Present Simple Passive

Present Continuous Passive

Эта машина такая грязная!
Видимо, эту машину нечасто моют. - This car is so dirty! Obviously, it is hardly ever cleaned.

Пойду выпью кофе, пока мою машину моют. -
I will have a cup of coffee while my car is being cleaned.



Past Simple Passive употребляют для описания исторических событий, когда само действие (историческое событие, открытие) важнее того, кто его совершил или неизвестно, кто являлся исполнителем действия:

The telephone was invented in 1876. - Телефон был изобретен в 1876 году.
The scientists say that this sculpture was made in the Roman Empire. - Ученые утверждают, что эта скульптура была изготовлена в Римской Империи.

В первом примере для нас не важно имя изобретателя телефона, а во втором мы можем только догадываться, кем была изготовлена скульптура.


I couldn’t drive yesterday at 6 o’clock. My car was being serviced. - Я не мог пользоваться машиной в шесть часов. Мою машину ремонтировали.
While I was waiting, the room was being cleaned. - Пока я ожидал, комнату убирали.

Еще раз напоминаю вам, что если действие подразумевает процесс , то используется второй вспомогательный глагол being .


Present Perfect Passive часто используют, когда передают новости, если исполнитель действия неважен, неизвестен или, наоборот, понятен из контекста :

The annual budget has been adopted. - Принят ежегодный бюджет.
The protests have been suppressed. - Протесты были подавлены.

В приведенных примерах, которые вполне можно услышать в новостях, не указывается исполнитель действия, потому что нам и без этого ясно, кто принимает бюджет, подавляет протесты и арестовывает грабителей.


Если в вашем предложении два действия и одно из них произошло раньше другого, следует это обозначить, используя Past Perfect :

She got into a car and remembered that the door hadn"t been locked. - Она села в машину и вспомнила, что дверь не была закрыта.
We came in and saw that the room had been cleaned. - Мы вошли и увидели, что в комнате прибрали.

Если вы забыли, в каких случаях используется Past Perfect , рекомендуем заглянуть .



Что касается будущих времен , их функции в пассивном залоге не отличаются от функций в активном. Часто пассивные формы будущих времен используются в обещаниях и заверениях . Например:

The room will be cleaned tomorrow, I promise. - Комната будет убрана завтра, я обещаю.
The report will have been finished by midday. - Отчет будет окончен к полудню.

"Агент действия" и перевод из активного залога в пассивный.

Несмотря на то, что в пассивном залоге действие более существенно, чем его исполнитель (агент действия) , он может указываться в предложении, когда это необходимо. Агент вводится в предложение предлогом BY :

The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell. - Телефон был изобретен Александром Беллом.
The damage was caused by the hurricane. - Повреждения были нанесены ураганом.

При трансформации предложения из активного залога в пассивный, дополнение (object) становится подлежащим (subject) , а подлежащее становится агентом (agent) :

Active Voice

A famous director


Passive Voice

by a famous director.


Чтобы указать в пассивном залоге предмет, инструмент, материал или ингредиент , при помощи которого осуществлялось действие, используется предлог WITH :

The door was opened with a crowbar. - Дверь открыли при помощи лома.
The toys are made with paper, plastic or rubber. - Игрушки делают из бумаги, пластмассы или резины.

При переводе из активного в пассивный залог не указывайте агента, если агент действия неважен, неизвестен или очевиден , а также если в активном залоге в качестве подлежащего указывается: people, somebody, someone, one, they :


Если мы хотим узнать, кто является исполнителем действия, то используем вопросительные слова WHO или WHAT , а в конце вопроса предлог BY :

Who was telephone invented by? - Кем был изобретен телефон?
What was the damage caused by? - Что причинило повреждение?

Глаголы с двумя дополнениями и глаголы с предлогами.

Затруднения возникают с глаголами, которые могут иметь два дополнения: bring, give, offer, pay, promise, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell и другие.

Так как эти и многие другие глаголы имеют два дополнения, они могут образовывать два предложения в пассивном залоге. Однако при переводе в пассивный залог подлежащим обычно делают человека, а не предмет:


Если в активном залоге используются фразовые глаголы , и те глаголы, за которыми следует предлог , то в пассивном залоге предлог должен сохраняться:


Пассивный залог более типичен для письменной речи , чем для устной. Пассивный залог чаще используется в деловом общении , чем в повседневном. Пассивный залог преобладает в научном английском, при описании процессов , в инструкциях и правилах .

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